!!Emilio Carbone
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__Field of Scholarship__
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1976-1983\\	Biophysics of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels: blocking effects of intracellular pH (''Nature paper''). Discovery of a novel scorpion toxin selectively blocking voltage-gated potassium channels (''Nature paper'').
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1984\\	Discovery of the neuronal “low-voltage activated” T-type calcium channel in sensory neurons (''Nature paper''). Single T-type calcium currents recorded in outside-out membrane patches (papers on ''J Physiology'').
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1984-present\\ 	Biophysics, physiology and pharmacology of voltage-gated calcium channels in sensory and hippocampal neurons, pancreatic beta-cells, adrenal chromaffin cells and clonal cell lines (papers on ''Neuron, J. Neuroscience, J. Physiology, Pflügers Archiv, Biophysical J'').
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1986-present\\	Autocrine modulation of N-type and L-type calcium channels mediated by membrane receptor coupled G proteins and intracellular 2nd messengers (papers on ''Neuron, Biophysical J, European J Neuroscience, Cell Calcium, Pflügers Archiv'').
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1999-2005\\	Action of growth factors and 2nd messengers on the recruitment of voltage-gated calcium channels in hippocampal neurons and chromaffin cells. Effects of BDNF on presynaptic calcium channels in GABAergic synapses (papers on ''J. Neuroscience, Europ J Neuroscience'').
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2002-present\\ 	Role of calcium channels on neurotransmitter release in adrenal chromaffin cells (paper on ''J Physiology, Biophysical J, Molec Neurobiology'').
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2003-present\\	Effects of stress-mimicking stimuli (cAMP/PKA, beta-adrenergic modulation, hypoxia) on T-type (Cav3.2) calcium channel recruitment in chromaffin cells. Coupling of T-type channels and hormone secretion (papers on ''J. Physiology, Biophysical J'').
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2005-present\\	L-type (Cav1.2, Cav1.3) as pacemaker calcium channels in chromaffin cells. Coupling of L-type to BK potassium channels and its modulation. L-type channels control the endocytosis of chromaffin cell granules (papers on ''J. Neuroscience, Cell Calcium, Pflügers Archiv'').
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2006-present\\	New expression of voltage gated sodium and potassium channels in neuron-like multipotent stem cells (papers on ''Cytotherapy, Exp. Haematology'').
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2006-present\\	Interfacing excitable cells to nano-structured solid-state surfaces. Development of new biosensors for electrochemical detection. Single amperometric events detected with new boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond biochips. Extracellular recordings of neuronal networks excitability using multi-electrodes arrays (MEA) (papers on ''Diamond & Related Materials, Biosensors & Bioelectronics'').